Use when you have a written implementation plan to execute in a separate session with review checkpoints
npx skills add wshuyi/x-article-publisher-skill --skill "x-article-publisher"
Install specific skill from multi-skill repository
# Description
|
# SKILL.md
name: x-article-publisher
description: |
Publish Markdown articles to X (Twitter) Articles editor with proper formatting. Use when user wants to publish a Markdown file/URL to X Articles, or mentions "publish to X", "post article to Twitter", "X article", or wants help with X Premium article publishing. Handles cover image upload and converts Markdown to rich text automatically.
X Article Publisher
Publish Markdown content to X (Twitter) Articles editor, preserving formatting with rich text conversion.
Prerequisites
- Playwright MCP for browser automation
- User logged into X with Premium Plus subscription
- Python 3.9+ with dependencies:
- macOS:
pip install Pillow pyobjc-framework-Cocoa - Windows:
pip install Pillow pywin32 clip-util - For Mermaid diagrams:
npm install -g @mermaid-js/mermaid-cli
Scripts
Located in ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/:
parse_markdown.py
Parse Markdown and extract structured data:
python parse_markdown.py <markdown_file> [--output json|html] [--html-only]
Returns JSON with: title, cover_image, content_images, dividers (with block_index for positioning), html, total_blocks
copy_to_clipboard.py
Copy image or HTML to system clipboard (cross-platform):
# Copy image (with optional compression)
python copy_to_clipboard.py image /path/to/image.jpg [--quality 80]
# Copy HTML for rich text paste
python copy_to_clipboard.py html --file /path/to/content.html
table_to_image.py
Convert Markdown table to PNG image:
python table_to_image.py <input.md> <output.png> [--scale 2]
Use when X Articles doesn't support native table rendering or for consistent styling.
Pre-Processing (Optional)
Before publishing, scan the Markdown for elements that need conversion:
Tables → PNG
# Extract table to temp file, then convert
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/table_to_image.py /tmp/table.md /tmp/table.png
# Replace table in markdown with: 
Mermaid Diagrams → PNG
# Extract mermaid block to .mmd file, then convert
mmdc -i /tmp/diagram.mmd -o /tmp/diagram.png -b white -s 2
# Replace mermaid block with: 
Dividers (---)
Dividers are automatically detected by parse_markdown.py and output in the dividers array. They must be inserted via X Articles' Insert > Divider menu (HTML <hr> tags are ignored by X).
Workflow
Strategy: "先文后图后分割线" (Text First, Images Second, Dividers Last)
For articles with images and dividers, paste ALL text content first, then insert images and dividers at correct positions using block index.
- (Optional) Pre-process: Convert tables/mermaid to images
- Parse Markdown with Python script → get title, images, dividers with block_index, HTML
- Navigate to X Articles editor
- Upload cover image (first image)
- Fill title
- Copy HTML to clipboard (Python) → Paste with Cmd+V
- Insert content images at positions specified by block_index
- Insert dividers at positions specified by block_index (via Insert > Divider menu)
- Save as draft (NEVER auto-publish)
高效执行原则 (Efficiency Guidelines)
目标: 最小化操作之间的等待时间,实现流畅的自动化体验。
1. 避免不必要的 browser_snapshot
大多数浏览器操作(click, type, press_key 等)都会在返回结果中包含页面状态。不要在每次操作后单独调用 browser_snapshot,直接使用操作返回的页面状态即可。
❌ 错误做法:
browser_click → browser_snapshot → 分析 → browser_click → browser_snapshot → ...
✅ 正确做法:
browser_click → 从返回结果中获取页面状态 → browser_click → ...
2. 避免不必要的 browser_wait_for
只在以下情况使用 browser_wait_for:
- 等待图片上传完成(textGone="正在上传媒体")
- 等待页面初始加载(极少数情况)
不要使用 browser_wait_for 来等待按钮或输入框出现 - 它们在页面加载完成后立即可用。
3. 并行执行独立操作
当两个操作没有依赖关系时,可以在同一个消息中并行调用多个工具:
✅ 可以并行:
- 填写标题 (browser_type) + 复制HTML到剪贴板 (Bash)
- 解析Markdown生成JSON + 生成HTML文件
❌ 不能并行(有依赖):
- 必须先点击create才能上传封面图
- 必须先粘贴内容才能插入图片
4. 连续执行浏览器操作
每个浏览器操作返回的页面状态包含所有需要的元素引用。直接使用这些引用进行下一步操作:
# 理想流程(每步直接执行,不额外等待):
browser_navigate → 从返回状态找create按钮 → browser_click(create)
→ 从返回状态找上传按钮 → browser_click(上传) → browser_file_upload
→ 从返回状态找应用按钮 → browser_click(应用)
→ 从返回状态找标题框 → browser_type(标题)
→ 点击编辑器 → browser_press_key(Meta+v)
→ ...
5. 准备工作前置
在开始浏览器操作之前,先完成所有准备工作:
1. 解析 Markdown 获取 JSON 数据
2. 生成 HTML 文件到 /tmp/
3. 记录 title、cover_image、content_images 等信息
这样浏览器操作阶段可以连续执行,不需要中途停下来处理数据。
Step 1: Parse Markdown (Python)
Use parse_markdown.py to extract all structured data:
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/parse_markdown.py /path/to/article.md
Output JSON:
{
"title": "Article Title",
"cover_image": "/path/to/first-image.jpg",
"cover_exists": true,
"content_images": [
{"path": "/path/to/img2.jpg", "original_path": "/md/dir/assets/img2.jpg", "exists": true, "block_index": 5, "after_text": "context..."},
{"path": "/path/to/img3.jpg", "original_path": "/md/dir/assets/img3.jpg", "exists": true, "block_index": 12, "after_text": "another..."}
],
"html": "<p>Content...</p><h2>Section</h2>...",
"total_blocks": 45,
"missing_images": 0
}
Key fields:
- block_index: The image should be inserted AFTER block element at this index (0-indexed)
- total_blocks: Total number of block elements in the HTML
- after_text: Kept for reference/debugging only, NOT for positioning
- exists: Whether the image file was found (if false, upload will fail)
- original_path: The path resolved from Markdown (before auto-search)
- path: The actual path to use (may differ from original_path if auto-searched)
- missing_images: Count of images not found anywhere
Save HTML to temp file for clipboard:
python parse_markdown.py article.md --html-only > /tmp/article_html.html
Step 2: Open X Articles Editor
浏览器错误处理
如果遇到 Error: Browser is already in use 错误:
# 方案1:先关闭浏览器再重新打开
browser_close
browser_navigate: https://x.com/compose/articles
# 方案2:如果 browser_close 无效(锁定),提示用户手动关闭 Chrome
# 方案3:使用已有标签页,直接导航
browser_tabs action=list # 查看现有标签
browser_navigate: https://x.com/compose/articles # 在当前标签导航
最佳实践:每次开始前先用 browser_tabs action=list 检查状态,避免创建多余空白标签。
导航到编辑器
browser_navigate: https://x.com/compose/articles
重要: 页面加载后会显示草稿列表,不是编辑器。需要:
- 等待页面加载完成: 使用
browser_snapshot检查页面状态 - 立即点击 "create" 按钮: 不要等待 "添加标题" 等编辑器元素,它们只有点击 create 后才出现
- 等待编辑器加载: 点击 create 后,等待编辑器元素出现
# 1. 导航到页面
browser_navigate: https://x.com/compose/articles
# 2. 获取页面快照,找到 create 按钮
browser_snapshot
# 3. 点击 create 按钮(通常 ref 类似 "create" 或带有 create 标签)
browser_click: element="create button", ref=<create_button_ref>
# 4. 现在编辑器应该打开了,可以继续上传封面图等操作
注意: 不要使用 browser_wait_for text="添加标题" 来等待页面加载,因为这个文本只有在点击 create 后才出现,会导致超时。
If login needed, prompt user to log in manually.
Step 3: Upload Cover Image
- Click "添加照片或视频" button
- Use browser_file_upload with the cover image path (from JSON output)
- Verify image uploaded
Step 4: Fill Title
- Find textbox with "添加标题" placeholder
- Use browser_type to input title (from JSON output)
Step 5: Paste Text Content (Python Clipboard)
Copy HTML to system clipboard using Python, then paste:
# Copy HTML to clipboard
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/copy_to_clipboard.py html --file /tmp/article_html.html
Then in browser:
browser_click on editor textbox
browser_press_key: Meta+v
This preserves all rich text formatting (H2, bold, links, lists).
Step 6: Insert Content Images (Text Search Positioning)
推荐方法: 使用 after_text 文字搜索定位,比 block_index 更直观可靠。
定位原理
每张图片的 after_text 字段记录了它前一个段落的末尾文字(最多80字符)。在编辑器中搜索包含该文字的段落,点击后插入图片。
操作步骤
For each content image (from content_images array), 按 block_index 从大到小的顺序:
# 1. Copy image to clipboard (with compression)
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/copy_to_clipboard.py image /path/to/img.jpg --quality 85
# 2. 在 browser_snapshot 中搜索包含 after_text 的段落
# 找到该段落的 ref
# 3. Click the paragraph containing after_text
browser_click: element="paragraph with target text", ref=<paragraph_ref>
# 4. **关键步骤**: 按 End 键移动光标到行尾
# 这一步非常重要!避免点击到段落中的链接导致位置偏移
browser_press_key: End
# 5. Paste image
browser_press_key: Meta+v
# 6. Wait for upload (only use textGone, no time parameter)
browser_wait_for textGone="正在上传媒体"
为什么需要按 End 键?
问题: 当段落包含链接时(如 [链接文字](url)),点击段落可能会:
- 触发链接编辑弹窗
- 将光标定位在链接内部而非段落末尾
解决方案: 点击段落后立即按 End 键:
- 确保光标移动到段落末尾
- 避免链接干扰
- 图片将正确插入在该段落之后
定位策略
在 browser_snapshot 返回的结构中,搜索 after_text 的关键词:
textbox [ref=editor]:
generic [ref=p1]:
- StaticText: "元旦假期我在家里翻手机相册..." # 如果 after_text 包含这段文字,点击 p1
heading [ref=h1]:
- StaticText: "演示"
generic [ref=p2]:
- StaticText: "这东西到底有多省事儿?"
- link [ref=link1]: "Claude Code" # 注意:段落可能包含链接
...
反向插入示例
如果有3张图片,block_index 分别为 5, 12, 27:
1. 先插入 block_index=27 的图片(after_text 搜索 + End + 粘贴)
2. 再插入 block_index=12 的图片
3. 最后插入 block_index=5 的图片
从大到小插入可以避免位置偏移问题。
Step 6.5: Insert Dividers (Via Menu)
重要: Markdown 中的 --- 分割线不能通过 HTML <hr> 标签粘贴(X Articles 会忽略它)。必须通过 X Articles 的 Insert 菜单插入。
操作步骤
For each divider (from dividers array), in reverse order of block_index:
# 1. Click the block element at block_index position
browser_click on the element at position block_index in the editor
# 2. Open Insert menu (Add Media button)
browser_click on "Insert" or "添加媒体" button
# 3. Click Divider menu item
browser_click on "Divider" or "分割线" menuitem
# Divider is inserted at cursor position
与图片的插入顺序
建议先插入所有图片,再插入所有分割线。两者都按 block_index 从大到小的顺序:
- 插入所有图片(从最大 block_index 开始)
- 插入所有分割线(从最大 block_index 开始)
Step 7: Save Draft
- Verify content pasted (check word count indicator)
- Draft auto-saves, or click Save button if needed
- Click "预览" to verify formatting
- Report: "Draft saved. Review and publish manually."
Critical Rules
- NEVER publish - Only save draft
- First image = cover - Upload first image as cover image
- Rich text conversion - Always convert Markdown to HTML before pasting
- Use clipboard API - Paste via clipboard for proper formatting
- Block index positioning - Use block_index for precise image/divider placement
- Reverse order insertion - Insert images and dividers from highest to lowest block_index
- H1 title handling - H1 is used as title only, not included in body
- Dividers via menu - Markdown
---must be inserted via Insert > Divider menu (HTML<hr>is ignored)
Supported Formatting
| Element | Support | Notes |
|---|---|---|
H2 (##) |
Native | Section headers |
Bold (**) |
Native | Strong emphasis |
Italic (*) |
Native | Emphasis |
Links ([](url)) |
Native | Hyperlinks |
| Ordered lists | Native | 1. 2. 3. |
| Unordered lists | Native | - bullets |
Blockquotes (>) |
Native | Quoted text |
| Code blocks | Converted | → Blockquotes |
| Tables | Converted | → PNG images (use table_to_image.py) |
| Mermaid | Converted | → PNG images (use mmdc) |
Dividers (---) |
Menu insert | → Insert > Divider |
Example Flow
User: "Publish /path/to/article.md to X"
# Step 1: Parse Markdown
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/parse_markdown.py /path/to/article.md > /tmp/article.json
python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/parse_markdown.py /path/to/article.md --html-only > /tmp/article_html.html
- Navigate to https://x.com/compose/articles
- Upload cover image (browser_file_upload for cover only)
- Fill title (from JSON:
title) - Copy & paste HTML:
bash python ~/.claude/skills/x-article-publisher/scripts/copy_to_clipboard.py html --file /tmp/article_html.html
Then: browser_press_key Meta+v - For each content image, in reverse order of block_index:
bash python copy_to_clipboard.py image /path/to/img.jpg --quality 85 - Click block element at
block_indexposition - browser_press_key Meta+v
- Wait until upload complete
- Verify in preview
- "Draft saved. Please review and publish manually."
Best Practices
为什么用 block_index 而非文字匹配?
- 精确定位: 不依赖文字内容,即使多处文字相似也能正确定位
- 可靠性: 索引是确定性的,不会因为文字相似而混淆
- 调试方便:
after_text仍保留用于人工核验
为什么用 Python 而非浏览器内 JavaScript?
- 本地处理更可靠: Python 直接操作系统剪贴板,不受浏览器沙盒限制
- 图片压缩: 上传前压缩图片 (--quality 85),减少上传时间
- 代码复用: 脚本固定不变,无需每次重新编写转换逻辑
- 调试方便: 脚本可单独测试,问题易定位
等待策略
重要发现: Playwright MCP 的 browser_wait_for 实际行为是 先等待 time 秒,再检查条件,而非轮询!
// 实际执行的代码:
await new Promise(f => setTimeout(f, time * 1000)); // 先固定等待
await page.getByText("xxx").waitFor({ state: 'hidden' }); // 再检查
正确用法:
- ✅ 只用 textGone,不设 time:让 Playwright 自己轮询等待
- ✅ 只用 time:固定等待指定秒数
- ❌ 同时用 textGone + time:会先等 time 秒再检查,浪费时间
# 推荐:只用 textGone,让它自动等待条件满足
browser_wait_for textGone="正在上传媒体"
# 或者:用 browser_snapshot 轮询检查状态
# 每次操作后检查返回的页面状态,无需额外等待
图片插入效率
每张图片的浏览器操作从5步减少到2步:
- 旧: 点击 → 添加媒体 → 媒体 → 添加照片 → file_upload
- 新: 点击段落 → Meta+v
封面图 vs 内容图
- 封面图: 使用 browser_file_upload(因为有专门的上传按钮)
- 内容图: 使用 Python 剪贴板 + 粘贴(更高效)
故障排除
MCP 连接问题
如果 Playwright MCP 工具不可用(报错 No such tool available 或 Not connected):
方案1:重新连接 MCP(推荐)
执行 /mcp 命令,选择 playwright,选择 Restart
方案2:清理残留进程后重连
# 杀掉所有残留的 playwright 进程
pkill -f "mcp-server-playwright"
pkill -f "@playwright/mcp"
# 然后执行 /mcp 重新连接
配置文件位置: ~/.claude/mcp_servers.json
浏览器错误处理
如果遇到 Error: Browser is already in use 错误:
# 方案1:先关闭浏览器再重新打开
browser_close
browser_navigate: https://x.com/compose/articles
# 方案2:杀掉 Chrome 进程
pkill -f "Chrome.*--remote-debugging"
# 然后重新 navigate
图片位置偏移
如果图片插入位置不正确(特别是点击含链接的段落时):
原因: 点击段落时可能误触链接,导致光标位置错误
解决方案: 点击后必须按 End 键移动光标到行尾
# 正确流程
1. browser_click 点击目标段落
2. browser_press_key: End # 关键步骤!
3. browser_press_key: Meta+v # 粘贴图片
4. browser_wait_for textGone="正在上传媒体"
图片路径找不到
如果 Markdown 中的相对路径图片找不到(如 ./assets/image.png 实际在其他位置):
自动搜索: parse_markdown.py 会自动在以下目录搜索同名文件:
- ~/Downloads
- ~/Desktop
- ~/Pictures
stderr 输出示例:
[parse_markdown] Image not found at '/path/to/assets/img.png', using '/Users/xxx/Downloads/img.png' instead
JSON 字段说明:
- original_path: Markdown 中指定的路径(解析后的绝对路径)
- path: 实际使用的路径(如果自动搜索成功,会不同于 original_path)
- exists: true 表示找到文件,false 表示未找到(上传会失败)
如果仍然找不到:
1. 检查 JSON 输出中的 missing_images 字段
2. 手动将图片复制到 Markdown 文件同目录的 assets/ 子目录
3. 或修改 Markdown 中的图片路径为绝对路径
# Supported AI Coding Agents
This skill is compatible with the SKILL.md standard and works with all major AI coding agents:
Learn more about the SKILL.md standard and how to use these skills with your preferred AI coding agent.